FPS Weapon Mechanics Prototype

Procedural recoil physics, dynamic spread bloom, and modular ScriptableObject firearm systems in Unity 3D

Unity 3D

Custom Physics

Procedural Animation

ScriptableObjects

Particle VFX

Recoil Model

Procedural Spring-Damper

Weapon Architecture

Modular ScriptableObjects

Ballistics Engine

Raycast & Particle VFX

// Weapon Systems & Visual Demonstration

FPS Weapon Mechanics In-Engine Screenshot

Unity 3D Procedural Viewmodel, Recoil Physics & Dynamic Ballistic BloomTactical Weapon Sandbox

Project Overview

The FPS Weapon Mechanics Prototype is a technical demonstration built in Unity 3D and C# focused on creating responsive, tactile first-person shooter gunplay without relying on static pre-baked animation clips.

The architecture emphasizes procedural physics, decoupled configuration assets, and multi-variable ballistic dispersion formulas.

Core Gunplay Systems

System	Component	Technical Implementation
Procedural Recoil	Spring-Damper Physics	Second-order rotational and translational kickback curves with dynamic return damping
Dynamic Spread Bloom	Ballistics Calculator	Multi-variable dispersion cone affected by movement velocity, player stance, and continuous fire
Modular Weapon Pipeline	ScriptableObject Assets	Data-driven firearm definitions (fire rate, muzzle velocity, damage, recoil impulse, reload times)
Ballistics & Hitscan	Hybrid Raycast Engine	High-velocity raycast projection with bullet drop calculation and penetration testing
Weapon Sway & Rigging	Procedural IK Rigging	Mouse delta smoothing and procedural breathing sway applied to weapon viewmodel bones

Technical Implementation Details

1. Procedural spring-damper recoil physics

Rather than blending static keyframed animations, the weapon controller computes positional and rotational displacement using second-order spring physics equations:

// Procedural recoil calculation
currentRecoilRotation = Vector3.Lerp(currentRecoilRotation, targetRecoilRotation, recoilSnappiness * Time.deltaTime);
targetRecoilRotation = Vector3.Lerp(targetRecoilRotation, Vector3.zero, recoilReturnSpeed * Time.deltaTime);
transform.localRotation = Quaternion.Euler(currentRecoilRotation);

When a shot is fired, the controller applies an instantaneous rotational kickback impulse along the X and Y axes. A damping spring smoothly restores the weapon toward its resting point. If the player fires continuously, impulses accumulate, creating organic recoil climb.

2. Multi-variable dynamic spread cone

Bullet dispersion expands dynamically using a multi-factor formula:

Base Spread: Inherent mechanical accuracy defined per firearm.
Movement Multiplier: Player velocity expands the dispersion cone during sprinting or strafing.
Stance Multiplier: Crouching reduces spread by 35%; jumping expands the cone by 200%.
Sustained Fire Bloom: Increments cone radius on each successive shot, decaying back to zero after fire stops.
Aim Down Sights (ADS): Tightens spread cones and slows camera sensitivity for precision aiming.

3. Modular ScriptableObject architecture

All weapon properties (fire rates, bullet speeds, recoil profiles, magazine sizes, audio clips, and muzzle VFX) are encapsulated inside immutable GunData ScriptableObject assets. Designing a new weapon or adjusting game balance requires creating an asset file without modifying codebase scripts.